Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) exhibit remarkable physico-chemical properties with great potential for application in various fields, ranging from energy to environment. As part of this thesis, original ILs and salts were prepared to produce porous and/or functional carbonaceous materials. First, imidazolium cations carrying aromatic groups with bis(trifluoromethanesulfony)imide anion were used for the sonochemical exfoliation of graphite. Thanks to cation-π and π-π interactions, promoting this phenomenon, graphene/IL dispersions that are solid at room temperature and stable over the long term were developed and characterized by various techniques (DSC, solid proton NMR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM and TEM). Subsequently, salts and ILs with tetrachloroferrate anion were used for the ionothermal carbonization of sugarcane bagasse into highly porous carbonaceous materials, named ionochars. Different imidazolium cations have been synthesized and functionalized by aliphatic chains of different lengths, benzyl groups or potentially reactive chemical groups. The role of the cationic structure as well as the effect of the anion (Cl-, FeCl4-, Fe2Cl7-) on the morphological and textural properties of the ionochars have been highlighted. High and scalable specific surface areas and pore volumes offered potential application in carbon dioxide adsorption. Finally, new imidazolium salts with tetraphenylborate anion were synthesized. The pyrolysis of these salts under argon led to carbonaceous materials co-doped with boron and nitrogen. A preliminary study has shown their effectiveness as an electrode material in metal-ion batteries. Custom syntheses of several bi-functional ionic liquids bearing an aromatic group and long PEG chains or an alkoxysilane group have been carried out. These salts and ionic liquids open promising perspectives in various fields of application such as energy storage, (electro-)enzymatic catalysis and the design of advanced functional materials.