Abstract
The research focuses on improvisation by young teachers. It conducts a description and an understanding of this specific activity based on a cognitive anthropology which is centered on the phenomenology of the agents' experience (Theureau, 2006, 2009). We hold the theory that improvisation, particularly impacted by the complex ‘novelty-surprise-uncertainty', is a key moment in the dynamics of the interaction between the agent and their environment – including social environment – and, as such, is a major step in both personal development and professional development.