Abstract
The work presented in this thesis is based on the expertise of the VECSEL group of the Institut d'Électronique de Sud (IES) in the design, implementation and study of VECSEL in the near and mid infrared. Before engaging in the work presented here, the VeCSELs developed in our laboratory involved the usual single-frequency operation with a TEM 00 beam, but pushed to high power and high coherence. The objective of this thesis is to go beyond this conventional state and to explore other coherent states of the photon, unusual in the field of laser emission. These new states apply to both the transverse appearance (spatial) and longitudinal (time) of the wave. More specifically, the laser emission of high power and high coherence on the Laguerre-Gauss higher order modes degenerate and non-degenerate (optical vortex), and the wide band coherent lasers also called "modeless lasers".