Abstract
MAPK p38α is a key protein in inflammation, but is also involved in many cancer-related processes. All the currently described chemical inhibitors of p38α inhibit its kinase activity by an ATP-competitive mechanism. Because of the high conservation of the ATP-binding pocket, the majority of these inhibitors are not specific to p38α and off-target effects have been reported. To identify alternative approaches to inhibit p38α MAPK, my thesis project focused on the use of scFv antibody fragments as a new highly specific pharmacological tool.Antibody fragments bind to an antigen with high affinity and specificity like conventional immunoglobulins. Their intracellular expression also allows to target cytoplasmic proteins and study the target functions in physiological and pathological processes. Using a naïve library of antibody fragments, we have selected by phage display five scFv specific of MAPK p38α isoform. While all these scFv inhibit the activation of p38α by MMK6, one of them also completely inhibits its kinase activity in vitro. This scFv has a binding site and a mechanism of inhibition distinct from the pharmacological inhibitors currently described: although it does not target the ATP-binding pocket and does not prevent ATP binding, it behaves like a competitive inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis. These results suggest an allosteric effect of this scFv on p38α activity and allow to characterize it as an unconventional competitive inhibitor. The determination of its epitope as well as the confirmation of its inhibitory activity once expressed in the cell cytosol will allow us to propose an alternative approach to target p38α function using antibody fragments.These data open up new perspectives for the design of more specific p38α chemical inhibitors than those currently available.