Résumé
This thesis focuses on Export Support Services offered by the public and semi-public actors. Publicauthorities are questioning the effectiveness of these services. The literature reports conflicting results on this issue,especially because of the lack of a valid measure of export support which makes it difficult to compare results. Thisdifficulty is exacerbated by the diversity of firms supported. Indeed, the services was thought to firm withinternationalization by stages. Yet it appears that Early Exporters, the most common but also the most fragile type ofInternational New Ventures, use the same services. Therefore, two questions arise; first, how to measure the exportsupport received by the firm and, secondly, the question of the effectiveness of the Export Support Services for EarlyExporters. To answer the first question, a process of construction of a scale measurement of Export Support based onthe Churchill paradigm (1979) is implemented. An exploratory study was conducted with sixteen support export actorsand five companies to make measurement items. Then 288 questionnaires of supported firms are harvested and usedto test the psychometric properties of the scale. This approach results in a multidimensional measurement scale withnine items and distinguishing informational, operational and financial Export Support. This tool can measure moreaccurately Export Support Services used by the firm. To answer the second question, the theory of resources ismobilized to identify the strategic resources of Early Exporters and influence that different types of Export Support canhave on them. These relationships lead to a conceptual model tested by the method of structural equation from 196questionnaires of supported companies. It shows that the Export Support Services are less effective for Early Exporters,especially with regard to the financial support that has no influence on their international performance. The results thushighlight the need to develop new services to effectively support Early Exporters. Several proposals are made in thisdirection.