Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC), are aggressive pathologies with a high mortality rate worldwide. These cancers are characterized by the deregulation of cellular signaling pathways such as the Wnt, Notch and Hippo pathways which play a very important role in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. Moreover, it’s well established that the activity of the transcriptionnel factors involved in these nuclear signaling pathways is controlled by many transcriptionnel coregulators. This work focused on two transcriptional coregulators initially identified as partners of nuclear receptors, namely RIP140 and LCoR. The objective was to explore the expression of these two transcription factors in gastrointestinal cancers and their role in gastric cancers mainly through the dialogue with the Hippo signaling pathway.Immunohistochemical analysis of RIP140 and LCoR expression in colorectal and gastric cancers showed that the expression levels of these two transcriptional regulators are strongly correlated. In CRCs, their expression tends to decrease in tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue, whereas in GCs, RIP140 and LCoR expression levels are significantly higher in the tumor as compared to normal stomach. Significant correlations were observed with clinicopathological parameters (TNM stage and tumor differentiation) as well as the expression levels of key proteins involved in tumor progression and invasion (E-cadherin and Cox-2). Survival analysis showed that CRC patients with LCoRlow/RIP140high tumors have a significant prolonged OS and DFS. In GC, high RIP140 or LCoR expression was identified as an independent marker of poor prognosis suggesting a key role in this malignancy.Further, we investigated the role of RIP140 in gastric cancer cell lines using human epithelial GC cell lines overexpressing or not RIP140. In both MKN45 and MKN74 cells we showed that RIP140 exerted an anti-proliferative effect through the induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 gene expression. We also demonstrated that RIP140 reduced GC cell migration and increased E-cadherin expression at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, our results also suggest that RIP140 regulates the Hippo signaling pathway through TEAD activation.In conclusion, our findings suggest that RIP140 and LCoR genes contribute to the regulation of gastrointestinal cancers and that their expression levels have a prognostic value in these pathologies. Moreover, both RIP140 and LCoR transcriptional coregulaters could serve as novel biomarkers in the molecular characterization of colorectal and gastric cancers.