Abstract
Population growth has been one of the most striking phenomena of recent years in the world and especially in Africa. The world's urban population could reach 68% by 2050. This increase is accompanied by an increase in poverty and a food deficit in the cities. To remedy this, many urban dwellers are engaged in urban agriculture. However, because of the lack of arable land, the inhabitants turn to open spaces such as the lowlands. The latter being places conducive to the development of mosquitoes, there is an explosion in the number of mosquitoes and therefore an increase in the risk of malaria. The main objective of our work was to assess the impact of lowland agricultural development on malaria transmission in two lowland areas in Bouaké. More specifically, we have characterized agricultural development in two typical shallows, the Anophelian fauna and its dynamics We determined resistance genes in anopheles. Then we assessed the level of presence for the different plasmodial species that ensure the transmission of malaria to populations living around the shallows. Finally, the level of exposure to Anopheles bites of populations living around the shallows and their immunity against malaria was evaluated. Our results show a similar development dynamic of the shallows, a presence of Anopheles larvae following rice cultivation in N'Gattakro. Anopheles coluzzii remains the majority species in shallow areas. Aggressiveness was stronger in N'Gattakro than in Odiennekourani and there is a low infectivity of anopheles. Parasite prevalence was higher in Odiennekourani and there was a strong immune response directed against AMA1 and MSP1 antigens and lower against CSP.