Abstract
This thesis focuses on the study of the feasibility of an acoustic wave sensor based on fiber laser. This hydrophone should allow the detection of low hydrostatic pressure fluctuations encountered in deep marine. Under the influence of an acoustic disturbance is stretched the laser; thereby changing the pitch of the Bragg grating and thus its transmission frequency. The information is coded in the frequency of the emitted light. The intrinsic frequency noise of the laser must be as low as possible so it is important to be able to measure in the frequency band of [DC-20KHz]. Thus we conduct a thorough study of the physical properties of the laser emission in terms of temporal coherence.The sensitivity of a fiber laser acoustic pressure is insufficient. It is essential to design a mechanical amplifier for to increase the signal to noise ratio of the sensor.