Abstract
Maritime sector needs are oriented to surveillance and security which concern human safety, environmental protection or fight against illegal traffic and terrorism. Among the technologies developed to perform this function known as the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS), the radar remains a major solution enabling real-time target localization, and detecting all surrounding obstacles even in limited vision conditions. However, conventional radars are unable to detect small targets in the presence of strong clutter. The coherent radar presents a solution to improve the detection thanks to his solid state architecture, conserving the phase information of the signal from emission to reception. The purpose of this thesis is to design a new architecture according to this model, working in X band, and using low cost available components from telecommunications. The realization of a prototype helps to check the architecture by implementing measures to characterize channel components, and the global system check after assembly. The characterization of detection performances can be realized with emission-reception, in presence of workable targets. Thus, the radar is exposed to several kinds of targets, as car, plane, and boats to extract their Doppler information. The validation of the prototype let to consider an industrial version. For this, the miniaturization of the system is realized by the development of embedded electronic cards, providing several functions from control and processing, to X-band components used in emission and reception.