Résumé
In this research, we assessed the emergence of a strategic complementarity between farming and biodiversity, in a landscape with a high environmental value. We rely on the Rhone river delta, wetland of international interest, and well known biodiversity's hotspot. We examine the conditions of emergence of the organic agriculture in this particular context. The market conditions, more precisely the presence of imperfect competition for input (seeds and herbicides) are putting several constraints on adaptation's strategies accessibles to firms. As a consequence, the main way to adapt is the control of input supply. We study at which conditions an interior equilibrium does exist. The study of economic factors of rice' cultivar's diversity in farms in the Camargue area confirm the role played by niche strategies, and highlight the importance of market opportunities and commercial networks in the cultivar's portfolio choices made by farmers. They are naturally playing in interaction with factors governing the costs and benefits of managing a greater cultivar's diversity. Finally, the choice experiments survey put emphasis on the influence of collective norms in farmers' preferences for production technologies. The results show that a large majority of rice producers are adopt agro-ecological technologies at a price of monetary incentives equivalent to those obtained currently from the CAP, without conditions. Thus, the future of agricultural development in the Camargue area should be associated with environmental preservation. This de facto strategic complementarity could enables stakeholders and public authorities to design future public policies and give a conditional support to a sustainable agriculture.