Résumé
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the link between environmental issues and economic inequalities in three main ways. The first aims to assess the interactions between socio-economic inequalities and inequalities in exposure to air pollution. The second aims to assess the differential impact of heatwaves on mortality according to geographical area and socio-economic group. Finally, the last axis is devoted to the link between vulnerability to air pollution and socio-economic groups. To do this, I am conducting three empirical studies on French data, taking advantage of several data sources. I use daily measurements of air quality, daily temperature records, socio-economic data, and individual data on mortality and school performance. The thesis is divided into three chapters, the first of which aims to assess inequalities in exposure to air pollution, the second to measure the effect of heatwaves on mortality in France, and the third to estimate the differential impact of air pollution on school performance. Each of these chapters can be read independently, and the general conclusion of the thesis aims to give them an overall coherence.