Résumé
Côte d'Ivoire is one of the countries where malaria is endemic. After an encouraging global decline observed in the period 2000-2014, a worrying stagnation in the evolution of the number of cases has been observed since 2015. This situation has led the WHO to implement new control strategies, including reliable incidence surveillance methods. This surveillance requires the implementation of a coherent spatio-temporal observation strategy in order to detect the areas at greatest risk. The present study is part of this context, using relatively recent data. It therefore responds to the problem of malaria in time and space in Côte d'Ivoire from 2015 to 2019, by considering the "health district" as the central spatial unit in the epidemiological analysis, and giving priority to the definition of “sentinel sites”. The mobilization of epidemiological, entomological and landscape data enabled us to produce a detailed description of these priority observation sites within the framework of the National Malaria Control Program in Côte d'Ivoire (NMCP-CI). Spatial analysis techniques revealed that the western part of Côte d'Ivoire is the zone with the highest concentration of malaria-affected health districts. Three vectors (An. gambiae, An. funestus and An. nili) ensure malaria transmission, with a very high level of transmission in the western part of the country.