Abstract
Direct coupling of separation and photo-catalysis using membranes based on titanium dioxide, is an interesting approach usually applied in water treatment devices, and recently considered for other applications, such as hydrogen production by water photo-electrolysis. Indeed, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is well-known for its photo-catalytic properties. In addition, if it is immobilized on membrane supports rather than used in suspensions, its integration in the separation process is facilitated and some advantages of the process in terms of compactness, integrity and separation capacity are provided. For such an application, original multilayered cells are required. Some systems are described in the literature but none of them is truly integrated (that is to say based on a micro-architecture geometry of multi-layer type) or formed of thin layers obtained by plasma processes. Now plasma processes are generally competitive for obtaining multilayered systems with high integrity and compactness. As part of recent works at IEM, various types of thin films were prepared by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) to include TiO2 films known for their photo-catalytic properties and phosphonic acid membranes with average protons conductivity. In addition, effective platinum thin films for the protons catalytic reduction into hydrogen could also be deposited by another plasma process, sputtering. In this work, TiO2 films obtained by Low Frequency PECVD are optimized in terms of photo-catalytic activity and separation properties; this optimization, regarding the nitrogen doping of TiO2 (for the band gap shifting from the UV region to the visible region), is the first objective of this thesis project. The thin films structural and functional properties are characterized.The second aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the competitiveness of these films for the Hydrogen production/separation by solar energy. To this end, the layers photo-response has been tested in the dark, under UV and under visible light in a mono-compartment cell where both electrodes are immersed in a liquid electrolyte. Further studies integrating the TiO2 layers in contact with a commercial electrolyte membrane and a platinum counter-electrode (whose characterizations are presented in annexes), are also performed. The last aim of this work is the Plasma technology transfer from the European Membrane Institute of University of Montpellier to the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials of Lebanese University. The installation and configuration details are presented in the last chapter as well as the results of the first depositions based on operating conditions already optimized at European Membrane Institute.