Résumé
Artisanal fisheries in the coastal regions of Cameroon continue to intensify and remain dependent on foreign fishermen. This thesis, whose collection of data has done between March 2018 and May 2021 in the coastal regions of the Littoral and the South. His general objective is to contribute to the management of fisheries with a view to reduce the risk of degradation of fisheries system in the short and medium time. The biometric indicators on fisheries management, in particular the asymmetry coefficient, the rate of immaturity made it possible to analyze the level of exploitation of the marine fish caught. Through free and semi-structured interviews with interviewed participants and the map of fishing areas, the geography of fisheries has revealed the forms of construction of the fisheries space, the different concepts that structure artisanal fishing and the elements which have a positive or negative impact on the functioning of this fishing in the regions studied.Data collected from 17 landing sites in the Littoral and South regions showed that 10 species of fish represent more than 70% of catches. 4 most exploited species have alarming immaturity rates (TIM) and asymmetry values (S for skewness). These are Ilisha africana (TIM = 27.1%, S = 1.06 ± 0.07), Pseudotolithus elongatus (TIM = 45.5%, S = 1.07 ± 0.07), Pseudotolithus senegalensis (TIM = 29.1%, S = 1.83 ± 0.07), from Cynoglossus monodi (TIM = 37.9%, S = 2.79 ± 0.18). Spatial analyzes highlight two fisheries spaces. The first is materialized by the mobility of foreign sea fishermen from the Littoral region, the second is made up of maritime lands of sedentary sea fishermen Sawa. In the case of Douala-Edea national park, the 27 researchers and managers interviewed converge on the negative impacts (-1, -2 and -3) of 9 parameters on fishing activity and none on 110 marine fishermen mentioned the presence of a marine protected area.The multifunctionality of the Cameroonian marine space requires that fisheries research be approached from a multidisciplinary perspective. Such is the ambition of this research which recommends other studies on the sizes at first maturity of the 10 most exploited species and the perceptions of marine fishermen by nationality or group. This new simplified and operational vision of the Fisheries system is essential to lead to urgent guidelines in terms of fisheries governance and the development of fisheries areas in the coastal regions of the Littoral and Southern Cameroons.