Abstract
Intracellular expression of antibodies (intrabodies) permitted the study and targeting of antigens in cellular compartments. However, the expression of functional intrabodies remains a difficult task due to their large size, structure, and the reducing intracellular environment. Our group has a strong expertise in the field of intracellular immunization and the identification of new therapeutic targets. For this purpose, we have developed an scFv library optimized for intracellular expression of scFv antibody fragments. Our previous works have shown the successful use of intrabodies for targeting specific domains or post-translational modifications in living cells. This is particularly important because it demonstrates one of the main advantages of intrabodies compared to the approaches using RNAi. This benefit was demonstrated by a phenotypic screen in a model of allergy. Applying this approach to the study of mast cell activation, we identified a new molecular player involved in the signaling pathway implemented. This work was protected by a European patent in 2013 and was recently published. As part of my thesis project, I designed a new synthetic library (HUSCIv) optimized for scFv stability, diversity and affinity. For this, a highly soluble and hyper-stable framework, scFv13R4 isolated in our group, was used as a scaffold for grafting different hypervariable loops, while respecting the diversity of CDRs observed in human natural antibodies. We used protein GFP as a reporter to study the folding and solubility of intrabodies. Our findings clearly demonstrated that most of the intrabodies from HUSCIv library are soluble in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. My thesis project described here reports the use of HUSCIv in a phenotypic screen of colorectal cancer cells carrying a mutation in the K-RAS gene and resistant to the treatment with the chimeric antibody Cetuximab. The project seeks to select scFv fragments able to restore the sensitivity to Cetuximab, with the objective to identify the intracellular targets involved. For this functional screen, the HUSCIv library was expressed in HCT116 cells via a retroviral expression system. The selection process is based on the direct selection of cell proliferation using a fluorescent dye (CMRA). The cells whose proliferation is blocked are isolated and the evolution of scFv populations throughout the experiment are tracked via high-throughput sequencing. This sequencing requires a large number of scFvs to perform a statistical analysis. So far, we have achieved two rounds of selection. The cytotoxicity tests carried out on the selected populations showed a significant inhibition of proliferation (10%) in the presence of Cetuximab. These results indicate that the evolving phenotypes are tending towards a selection of scFv inhibitors and suggest that we need to perform at least one or more selective rounds before making conclusions. The approach introduced here is different from all existing studies in that it uses "naive" libraries not only to respond to the diversity of the proteome, but also to study secondary messengers and metabolism in cells. As such, and in comparison to other large-scale approaches, it is a simple way for the discovery of potential therapeutic molecules.