Abstract
Our thesis gives the details on a the study of ponds in Martinique. The ponds were dug up and cared for, in order to meet the need of various domestic and agricultural uses, which included water. In light of anthropisation, these fresh water wetlands are constantly shrinking and are now being threatened by degradation. The influences and changes brought about by these still water ecosystems in this highly anthropized landscape, constitutes to a major environmental issue pertaining to diversity and water resources. This in turn places them at the heart of preservation and conservation issues. A multidisciplinary approach to integrate ecology to these aquatic biotypes, has been chosen in order to provide answers to these problems. The physico-chemical factors of these ponds, will not be addressed in this research. The first phase of this project is to identify the ponds using a cartographic documents a field survey, in order to explain their main characteristics, such as geomorphology, hydrology and vegetation. These inventories will be used to draw up a map at the 1/25000th scale with the geographical reference : WGS_1984_UTM_20N of the distribution of the ponds using the QGIS software version 3.10.5. The first set of resultus obtained from the cartographic survey (1/25000th) showed an approximate number of about 600 ponds in a 1128km² area. The pond is distinguished by its surface area between 1m² and 5000 m². In the field, we have examined 42 ponds.The second phase focuses on plant diversity. These areas are mainly home to invasive species The florstic inventory identified eight species. These two stages will make it possible to understand the functioning of the ponds, and to establish a typology and to produce a map of distribution of ponds. It is not the loss of utility that has led to the disappearance of these pond, but rather the lack of knowledge of their roles in our environment. This approach is necessary for a quite urgent management of wetlands, which is due to the increase of issues which threatens them.