Résumé
Many technical advances have emerged in recent years in medicine and surgery. They allow to live better and longer. While efforts have been made in the development of innovative devices, their in vivo monitoring has shortcomings, particularly with regard to implantable devices, critical entities implanted in a fragile environment. Thus, at present, the fact is that a product of the agri-food industry is better followed than a medical device implanted in a patient. The problems raised by this lack of traceability are numerous: impossibility of controlling medical devices once implanted, impossibility of having well-filled materovigilance registers, for example. In addition, there is also a lack of data on the behavior of implants in vivo, which are essential for their monitoring and improvement. The aim of this thesis is to develop a device capable of both identifying and tracing all knee prostheses in the world, and to provide a means of control of these prostheses once implanted. For this, two devices are studied: a long-term passive electronic implant (with all the constraints imposed by this type of implants: biocompatibility, biostability) and an innovative imaging system, low cost and not exploiting any radiation or products injection.