Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that can enter many cell types and transduce into cells a wide range of molecular therapeutics (nucleic acid, proteins, peptides, small molecules, etc.). Our laboratory has developed the secondary amphipathic peptide CADY able to promote the transport of small interfering RNA (siRNA) independently of all endocytotic pathways. Indeed, siRNA therapeutic interest lies on its ability to inhibit specifically deregulated proteins in the context of pathology. The subject of my thesis focused on the characterization and optimization of CADY/siRNA complexes. During my work, we have been able to show that CADY adopts a helical structure while interacting with the siRNA leading to the formation of nanoparticles. The goal of my study was to optimize CADY sequence and control its formulation to consider the transferring from an in cellulo to an in vivo application of our vectorization system. First, we conducted a structure-activity study with six analogues by mutating CADY on tryptophane residues (PSF1, 2, 3 and PSW) and in the area initializing helical structure (PG9, PG16). A thorough analysis of these analogues has confirmed that the limitation of the amphipathic character and structural polymorphism is directly related to the reduction of internalization efficiency of our CPPs. Among the six analogues, only PG16/siRNA and PG9/siRNA nanoparticles show in cellulo results equal to those obtained with CADY/siRNA. Based on the fact, that CADY is the most suitable vector for the transfection of therapeutic molecules such as siRNA, we have established a standard formulation procedure to obtain reproducible and homogeneous CADY/siRNA complexes with an average size of 106 ± 31 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.357 ± 0.053. In addition, we have implemented an extrusion/lyophilization step to allow nanoparticle storage as powder, which can be re-suspended in an aqueous solution without losing their colloidal and transfection properties.In order to improve tissue specificity and bioavailability of CADY/siRNA nanoparticles for an in vivo application, we have grafted ether a targeting sequence (YIGSR-S) or a stealth motif (PEG) to the CADY sequence. These two entities of very different nature provoke only few changes in the physicochemical (e.g. average size) and biological (cell transfection) characteristics of the nanoparticles formed with a siRNA. These results are very encouraging for the development of the so-called 3rd nanoparticle generation which includes several kinds of molecules (targeting, polymer, contrast agent etc.).These outcomes mark the real progress in CADY formulation optimization, and encourage us to further exploit its potential for the in vivo transfer of siRNA.