Résumé
Lead-acid batteries are commonly used in stand-by applications. Also, they should be kept in full state-of-charge. Floating is the traditional charging method, in which case batteries are charged under constant voltage.<br />Various studies were conducted with SLI batteries - the less expensive on the market – involving electrodes self-discharge kinetics, overvoltage effects on state-of-charge and corrosion, charge aptitude. <br />Results enable a better understanding of specific mechanisms pertaining to lead-acid batteries, of complete charge, OCV, and of a model for capacity loss during ageing. A new charging method is also introduced, reducing overcharge by half. This method consists in the application of a low current over long periods - one order under traditional floating current - and over short periods at elevated level. This method is additionally cost-effective: low-cost lead-acid batteries, low or no maintenance and improved longevity.