Abstract
At the exact opposite intuitions according to which regional disparity is an unavoidable consequence of the dilemma of winners and losers, construction of inequalities in Tunisia is attributed to real forces. The first force echoes the economic development model at work since structural adjustment. Indeed, the forced march towards liberalism and globalization zeal and speed in the field has significantly contributed to the widening gap between the coastal and deep Tunisia. The polarization of economic activity which falls within the logic of productivity growth, has not exercised the desired ripple effect which helped to dig the groove separating the rest of the coastal territory. The second source of inequality raised by the thesis is the institutional environment. Indeed, the quality of regulation, political stability and the low participation of the local population in the implementation of development policies and in political life have significantly contributed in the construction of regional inequalities in Tunisia. However, economic growth is pro-poor generally. She contributed in reducing inequalities.In terms of economic policy recommendation, it seems imperative to correct if not reduce to a minimum inequality, to review the liberal flight of the Tunisian economy and its integration into the global economy pushed by a state interventionism (rethink investment incentives in the deeper regions, direct public investment in infrastructure to deeper areas ...). The second recommendation refers to the need for a shift towards a territorial development approach that gives pride of place to local stakeholders in the design and implementation of development policies. The third recommendation is the need for a revision of the horizontal and vertical modes of governance to promote the regionalization process and improve the quality of economic and political institutions