Abstract
Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgery that becomes a standard for some procedures as its many benefits for the patient (esthetic and postoperative remission). Unfortunately, laparoscopic surgery also comes with mechanical, visual and ergonomic difficulties. Consequently, the learning of this surgery is long and difficult for the students in medical school. Traditionally, learning takes place in the operating room (ex: students assist the surgeon by navigating the camera). Operating a real patient is, however, very stressful and does not allow the possibility of repeating gestures. Depending on the procedure, the learning curve may be very slow with significant health and financial consequences. Under these conditions, learning outside of the operating room becomes necessary and laparoscopic simulators have been developed. Unfortunately, budget and time restrictions do not allow for effective training sessions outside of the operating room. Thus, the thesis presented concerns the improvement of laparoscopic surgery training during these simulator sessions outside of the operating room. First of all, it appeared in our research that during the training sessions, the students were not very guided in their actions and that they had no quantitative feedback on their performance. We first implemented a kinesthetic guidance as a virtual teacher for the student. Then we implemented two sensory feedbacks (visual and tactile) to have more active students in the correction of the laparoscopic gesture. Then we noticed that the student himself is not considered during the training sessions where the exercises are complex. Thus, we proposed two ideas to personalized the learning : - Consider the psychomotor skills of the students in the learning process in order to homogenize the groups of students and facilitate the teaching ; - Decompose the difficulties of laparoscopy to overcome the problem of lack of gradual training sessions.