Abstract
Multiple sclerosis in an inflammatory and dysimmune condition of the central nervous system, with different clinical patterns. This disease involves patchy area of demyelination and of a diffuse axonal loss and neurodegeneration. The pathophysiology of this diffuse neurodegeneration remains currently unknown. The apparition of a cognitive impairment dramatically changes the clinical prognosis in patients. This cognitive impairment seems to be linked to a diffuse dysconnexion of normal appearing white matter, and to grey matter atrophy. Cognitive reserve could explains a lack of correlation between the cognitive status in patients and the cerebral lesion load due to the disease. Anatomical basis of cognitive reserve are unclear. Three methods of imaging : arterial spin labelling, measure of the cerebral vasoreactivity with the inhalation of a gas enriched in dioxid, and diffusion tensor imaging are employed to answer to these questions in multiple sclerosis : Are there vascular abnormalities related to neurodegeneration, in particular in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis? Could we find white matter differences in tracts related to cognitive impairment or clinical form in patients? Is Cognitive reserve linked to a cerebral white matter plasticity in this condition ?