Abstract
The study of fractal properties in biological time series is of increasing interest. Nevertheless, the literature highlights an ambiguity on the causal explanation of the presence of these time series which does not make it possible to distinguish between the effective adaptation made by a subject or his overall adaptability capacities. The aim of this dissertation is to decorrelate these two notions, notably by linking the behavioral level to the cerebral level. Our first study allowed to highlight that the mono-fractal properties could reflect the adaptability of the subjects whereas the multifractal properties would be related to the effective adaptation carried out during the task. The second study showed a correlation between the multifractal properties and the number of brain networks implemented during the task, reflecting the effective adaptation to the experimental constraints imposed. The results of this work have allowed us to better understand the functional meaning of fractal analyzes in terms of effective adaptation and adaptability.