Résumé
Grapevine and wine are at the heart of ancient Mediterranean societies, particularly Greek culture: in the Aegean, wine consumption and grapevine cultivation are attested as early as the 5th millennium BC. In Egypt, grapevine was probably introduced from the Near East in the 4th millennium, before being cultivated in the Delta from the 3rd millennium onwards. In this history of viticulture, documented by texts, archaeological evidence related to the production, storage and consumption of wine, as well as archaeobotanical remains, the 1st millennium BC remains a grey zone. However, it was a key period of cultural exchange and growing economic relations between the two shores of the Mediterranean. These exchanges involved, among other things, cultivated varieties, and the influences and imports were potentially numerous, in connection with the economic, cultural and strategic networks that developed from the Archaic/Saite period onwards, and even more so in the Hellenistic period.The study of several sets of grape seeds from Greece and Egypt, dating from the 7th to the 2nd century BC, aims to shed light on the cultivated diversity of these two regions, the links that exist between them, but also the evolution of this diversity over time. To this end, a geometric morphometric study based on elliptical Fourier transforms, combined with size analysis, aims to identify varietal types within archaeological assemblages and to highlight possible adaptation and exchanges.