Résumé
Raman spectroscopy is a major characterization technique of carbon nanotubes and graphene. It is widely used to identify their structure, i.e. the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), or the number and orientation of layers of graphene, as well as the nature and density of defects. On the other hand, the Raman signatures of carbon nanomaterials are sensitive to electronic and mechanical perturbations, eg doping and strain, and to their dielectric/polar environment. Their orientation in anisotropic materials can be described from polarization studies. Raman studies can also be used to probe the properties of a substrate eg through interferences on thin films or surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on plasmonic antennas.We will recall the main Raman signatures of SWNT and graphene, discuss the resonance phenomena, stress the limits and traps of Raman characterization, and review some recent and original Raman results from the literature.