Résumé
The management of organic wastes (organic solids and effluents) is one of the indispensable ways to ensure sustainable development for emerging and developing countries such as Morocco. It represents real financial and environmental challenges, due to the increasing cost of wastes’ treatment and the pollution risks of groundwater and soil, owing to their unstable states. Nevertheless, it is necessary to identify biomass/waste sources and to define the most efficient valorization processes based on their compositions and physicochemical properties. Statistics show that the amount of organic wastes is continuously increasing as a result of population growth, changes in production, and consumption patterns. At this stage, the recycling and energy recovery of abundant organic waste presents an effective solution to control the increasing energy consumption, while minimizing the environmental footprint (GHG, water and soil pollution, global warming, etc.) and providing not only new energy sources but also intermediate molecules. Those are derived from green chemistry and allow access to a range of already known biofertilizers. The main objective of this work is to develop biotechnological itineraries via biological and thermal bioprocesses in order to better exploit Moroccan wastes (olive residues, fish wastes, tomato residues, industrial wastes, algal biomasses…) and wastewater to obtain new sources of energy and biofertilizers.