Résumé
The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea is exceptional relative to its water volume. This hotspot of biodiversity and endemism is facing ever increasing human-induced threats and marine protected areas (MPAs) have been extensively established. Rather surprisingly, no attention has been paid to how well the actual network of MPAs spatially matches with the hotspots of biodiversity and how much these hotspots are spatially congruent with human pressures. Here we used spatially explicit data to provide a first global assessment of these congruencies. We show that the global network of Mediterranean MPAs is spatially congruent with fish richness and fish endemic richness hotspots while the highest human pressures spatially matches with hotspots of fish endemic richness but not with hotspots of fish richness.