Résumé
We have known that distinct Schistosoma species are capable of hybridisation since the 1950s, but it was not until 2009 and the discovery of hybrids between S. haematobium and S. bovis in humans that there were fears of zoonotic urogenital bilharziasis. Then, the interest in these hybrids has grown since their emergence in Europe in 2013. One major question is the zoonotic capacity of these hybrids. The various studies from the laboratory to the field are not consensual. The aim of this presentation will be to review the evidence for and against the zoonotic nature of urogenital bilharziasis. A number of avenues will also be explored to shed light on this issue.