Résumé
Macrofungi (agaricomycetous and ascomycetous mushrooms) forming epigeal and hypogeal fruiting bodies (mushrooms) possess nutritional and medicinal values [1-4]. They are producers of different bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenolics, polyketides, proteins, steroids, etc.) with pharmacological effects (antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, wound-healing), as well as vitamins and minerals [1,2]. From 1,5 to 3,0 million estimated species of fungi, about 150,000 species are macrofungi from which 14,000-16,000 species are taxonomically known, including about 7000 edible and 700 medicinal species. Currently, about 200 species of mushrooms are biotechnologically cultivated. A wide spectrum of bioactivities of mushroom-derived biomolecules are used to develop healthy biotech products for human and animal uses. Agaricomycetes fungi (Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinula edodes, etc.) have been reported as prebiotics due to the cell wall glucans regulating gut microbiota in the host. Supplementation of different food products (dairy beverages, yogurts, bread, pasta, beer) with macrofungi increases their quality and nutritional values [3,4]. Macrofungi, such as Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus subrufescens, Ganoderma lingzhi, Hypsizygus ulmarium, Inonotus obliquus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Schizophyllum commune and Tremella fuciformis, are also considered a valuable source of multifunctional cosmetic bioingredients used in formulations of cosmeceuticals and nutracosmetics. They possess anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and anti-hyaluronidase activities [5]. Currently, several macrofungi-derived commercial cosmetic products, such as cosmeceuticals (applied topically, creams, lotions, and ointments) and nutracosmetics (administered per os) are available in the market. However, there are numerous undescribed or not yet cultivated mushroom species with a potential cosmetic application. Mushrooms are mainly used in formulation of skin and hair care products, and the trend for their industrial use is expected to increase over the years [5].