Résumé
This study concerns QTL involved in agronomic traits, detected in seven progenitors mainly mapped by CIRAD from five progenies implanted in Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroun and one progeny studied by Nestlé and implanted in Costa Rica. Trinitario and Forastero genotypes, generally used in cocoa breeding programs, are involved in these crossings. QTL were mapped on the saturated cocoa reference map, obtained between two heterozygous genotypes and containing 473 makers (RFLP, AFLP and microsatellites). QTL mapping analyses were run by QTL cartogapher 1.13 using Composit Interval Mapping. Yield components over several year periods, vigor, bean and fruit traits, as well as resistance to black pod disease (Phytophthora palmivora) observed in the field, were analyzed. QTL were identified for all traits and explain individually,different variable part of the phenotypic variation. Some of them are very significant such as the QTL involved in fruit weight with an R2 = 44%. Moreover, co-locations of QTL were found on the one hand between the different trait such as co-location between yield components and the fungus attacks of P. palmivora in the field (percentage rotten pods) on the other hand, some QTL seem stable among the different genetic backgrounds analyzed. Perspectives are now directed to improve the identification of the QTL from others populations and to begin their characterization. In this way a recent research is going to start over functional aspects of the cocoa genome. (Texte intégral)