Résumé
Particle tracking Microrheology (PTM) is an attractive experimental technique to measure the viscoelastic properties of complex fluids in a tiny volume. In the case of anisotropic materials such as liquid crystals, it should be however used cautiously. Here, we examined the case of the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal disodium chromoglycate (DSCG). The unusual Brownian motions of microspheres in this system has attracted recent attention [1,2] suggesting a complex coupling between the fluctuations of the director and of the beads. Although it has been claimed that PTM could be used to extract the viscosities of the nematic phase [3], this effect may give rise to inconsistent microrheological measurements.In order to explore these issues, we have experimentally studied the Brownian motion of particles in aligned samples (see figure 1.A), varying both the concentration of DSCG and the size of the probes. Effective viscoelastic properties have been extracted from these measurements and compared to the ones obtained by active microrheology based on optical tweezers. Our results explain why various viscoelastic behaviors have been previously reported for DSCG.