Résumé
With the global demand for palm oil continuing to rise alongside critical issues such as workforce scarcity and climate change, balancing production with sustainability is becoming increasingly important. Human health and social issues are deeply intertwined and form a key component of sustainability. The One Health concept offers a valuable interdisciplinary framework for achieving this balance and promoting sustainable development. This holistic approach recognises the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health. Adopting a One Health approach to oil palm sustainability requires addressing the interconnected risks and benefits to ecosystems, people and animals. Through sustainable land use planning, areas of high conservation value (HCV) and high carbon stock (HCS) can be protected. Promoting agroforestry and establishing buffer zones has proven effective in maintaining biodiversity and reducing human–wildlife conflict. Certification and standards can reinforce existing certification schemes, such as the RSPO, MSPO and ISPO. However, One Health indicators, such as surveillance of zoonotic diseases and pollution metrics, now need to be incorporated into these certification criteria. The Deforestation-Free Products Regulation (EUDR) came into force in June 2023. In April 2025, the European Commission adopted guidelines aimed at simplifying processes and reducing administrative burdens. However, the obligations imposed on farmers and operators remain a matter of debate. Sustainable oil palm production must consider more than just environmental metrics. Embracing the One Health approach enables stakeholders, including governments, corporations, NGOs and communities, to develop strategies that protect ecosystems, human well-being and animal health. This integrated approach is essential to ensure that palm oil continues to improve livelihoods without compromising the future of the sector.