Résumé
What are the impacts of large-scale agricultural investments with regards rural labor market dynamics considering both supply and demand sides? This paper compares the labour market implications of large scale farming enterprises in terms of both direct job creation and workers profiles in Kenya, Mozambique and Madagascar. Using a common methodology, a total of 1,650 households were randomly selected and interviewed in impacted areas and in counterfactual areas. Labour Impacts in terms of i) quantity and quality of jobs created and ii) workers and households demo-economic profiles are analysed according to the business models of the enterprises, based, inter alia, on the crops produced and its intensity of labor requirements. Results at both territorial level and between LSAI show that i) On the supply side overall gross LAIs' job creation in the 3 sites is significant at local level, although with strong differences according to business model. However, LAI job creation is lower than family farming labor requirement when calculated per cultivated hectares, meaning that LAI net employment creation strongly depends on both BM and previous land use by smallholders ; ii) The quality and attractiveness of jobs depends again on regional and business model features. iii) On the demand side, despite existing LAI related decent employment supporting households livelihoods, widespread precarious jobs often benefit the most vulnerable segments of the population: poor households, migrants, youth and / or women. This can either be seen as a benefit in terms of poverty reduction or critically considered as the direct result of the absence of alternatives for the most vulnerable. The comprehensive approach used, integrating both labour supply and demand dimensions, shows nuanced and context specific results. It provides insights to inform decision-makers on the models of agriculture to be promoted in different settings, to address SSA employment challenge.