Résumé
Numerous works show that the mechanical efforts play an important role in the division and the growth of the cell on one hand, and in the organization of cells within a tissue on the other hand. The purpose of this work is to develop a mechanical model to better understand the couplings between biological effects and mechanical effects, this by being inspired by models used for cohesive granular materials. Based on a Molecular Dynamic method these last ones are adapted well to calculate the contact efforts between cells as well as their evolution. Adapted to the case of the cellular division, this model allows to describe the totality of the cycle of division while considering the mechanical effects. A growth law is also introduced, which, for a given cell, is a function of mechanical interactions with the neighbours. Hence, we can generate a population of cells from an original cell and obtain a "virtual" tissue, in which the effects of texturation and of organization are observed. Several examples are presented, one containing 7000 cells locked into a box. We show that the shape of the box leads to particular organizations, which remind the effects of texturation observed during the culture of skin.