Résumé
Semantic analysis (SA) is a central operation in natural language processing. We can consider it as the resolution of 5 problems: lexical ambiguity, references, prepositional attachments, interpretative paths and lexical functions instanciation. In this article, we show the importance of this last and explain why these tasks should be simultaneously carried out using thematic (conceptual vectors) and lexical (semantico-lexical network) information. We present an ant colony model which fulfill these criteria. We show the feasability of our approach using a small corpus and the contribution of lexical functions for solving the problem. This ant colony model offers new and interesting research perspectives.