Résumé
In Kazakhstan and some other countries from Central Asia, the production and the consumption of traditional fermented camel milk, called shubat is a common fact. These products are culturally very important and are typical of these countries. However in Kazakhstan, much environmental pollution, like polymetals industry, wind erosion, soil degradation by salinization, desertification and radio active contaminations are observed. The pollution of the grounds of certain areas by lead and cadmium is a danger to the health of the consumers of dairy products because these metals concentrate throughout the food chain. The camel's milk and shubat being touched by these contaminations, we measured lead and cadmium contents ranging lead between 0.26 and 0.33 ppm and cadmium 0.012 ppm for milk and shubat respectively. These values are largely above the limit threshold of the Kazakhs and international standards. The impact of the lactic fermentation of milk in shubat could make it possible to decrease the availability of these metals in the digestive tract of the consumers because lactic bacteria are able to adsorb heavy metals. A qualitative test assessing the capacity of 14 lactic wild strains isolated from camel milk in 2008 was achieved for their detoxification capacity. This test was carried out on solid MRS or M17 media. Fixing was revealed by the using of associated sodium sulphide and hydrochloric acid. On 14 wild lactic strains, 3 doesn't interact with these metals, 1 seems to interact with lead, 1 with cadmium and 9 with both metals. (Texte intégral)