Résumé
Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a native species of Amazon rainforest. This region offers optimal condition for rubber tree growth but also for the fungus Microcyclus ulei development, which causes the South American Leaf Blight (SALB) disease. For this reason, rubber tree is planted in escape regions, such as São Paulo state. The long juvenile period and its perennial nature leads to difficulties for genetic improvement. Molecular markers allows the construction of genetic maps and Quantitative Trait Loci detection (QTL), which can improve and accelerate the breeding scheme. We developed a genetic linkage map of a full-sib population derived from a cross between GT1 and RRIM701 composed of 144 individuals installed at the Agronomical Institute (IAC) in Votuporanga, São Paulo. A total of 227 microsatellite markers were used to construct the integrated linkage map using a multipoint technology based on Hidden Markov Models, with LOD score threshold of 5 and recombination fraction of 0.4. From the total markers mapped, 142 (62.55%) followed a segregation ratio of 1:1:1:1, 45 (19.82%) 1:2:1 and 40 (17.62%) 1:1. The final framework map consists of 23 linkage groups with a total map length of 2583.67 cM and an average marker density of one marker every 10 cM. The largest group has 423.95 cM. Six linkage groups were composed of two or three markers that reflects an incomplete coverage of genome. This genetic map allows localize Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) which may help to obtain phenotypes adapted to sub-optimal regions. (Résumé d'auteur)