Résumé
The use of a first-principles approach makes possible an in-deep study of the chemical bonds existing in oxide glasses and helps to understand how the disorder and/or the composition do affect them.For a series of binary and ternary aluminosilicate and borosilicate glasses, we have computed their electronic properties, as for example the Bader charges and electron localization function. From the examination of the bonds formed between the individual atoms, we have investigated therelationship between the calculated electronic properties and the atoms local environment and, when possible, compared to those of crystal structures with similar compositions.. We have hence obtained more insight into the organization of atoms into well-defined groups in the short range, as well as the reasons that cause some preferential bonding of alkali or alkaline earth atoms.