Résumé
The main cause of biodiversity loss is human artificialization on natural environment (IPBES 2019). In marine area, with 39,400 km² of coastal and marine areas already encroached and an increasing demand of infrastructures to support human activities due to the growing of population, projected to reach 9 billion by 2050, it is clear that humanity needs to find ways to prevent its pressure on biodiversity. To this end, since the 1990s the “ecological reconciliation” concept has been trying to develop a win-win approach that unites ecological engineering with civil engineering. Today, civil engineers have a responsibility to incorporate eco-design processes in all construction projects, to ensure common benefits both for humans and the ecosystems. Then, the new challenge of the 21st century is to develop eco-designed concretes that, in addition to their usual properties, provide improved bioreceptivity in order to enhance marine biodiversity. The aim of this study is to clarify the potential release of polluting elements from cementitious materials in seawater and to master and classify the intrinsic parameters that influence the biocolonization of cementitious materials in the marine environment. By using biofilm-culture-method (biofilm quantification), this study shows that the surface treatment with green formwork oil enhance the biocolonization whereas the application of curing agent has the opposite effect. The use of rough surface or slag cement CEM III increases the bioreceptivity of cementitious materials in the marine environment. Among the influent parameters, surface roughness proved to be the factor that promotes biocolonization most effectively.