Résumé
In the current days of energy crisis and climate warming people look - more than ever - for domestication of hydrogen as energy carrier, especially for mobile applications. The current hydrogen technologies – from production and storage to applications - have all significant drawbacks. Although a huge effort was devoted to development of electrolytic hydrogen production using renewable energy sources, and to improvement of noble metals-free proton exchange membranes, the storage of hydrogen remains the bottle-neck of hydrogen-based transportation. In the present talk I will first review the currently used methods of hydrogen storage (compression, liquefaction, hybrid cryo-compression), from the point of view of their effectiveness, cost, and safety, then I will focus on hydrogen storage by sorption. I will discuss the parameters the ideal storage medium should exhibit to allow storage with high volumetric and gravimetric densities at ambient temperature and moderate pressure. A particular emphasis will be put on storage by physisorption in nanoporous solids: MOFs and carbons. Recent numerical and experimental results of hydrogen adsorption in boron-substituted nanoporous carbons will be referred to in details.