Résumé
Bananas are one of the most important tropical fruit crops, but are seriously threatened by several pathogens. Through CIRAD-FLHOR's breeding effort, a better knowledge of the structure and organization of the genome of diploid bananas is searched. To this end, two molecular marker-based genetic maps were developed. An important percentage of markers showed segregation distortions. Cytogenetical observations of the individuals that gave rise to the mapping populations revealed the existence of translocations. Comparative analysis of the two genetic maps, in the light of this cytogenetic knowledge, allowed to localize one of the translocation breakpoints. (Résumé d'auteur)