Résumé
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) are among the three most important cereals in the world in terms of production (second and third, respectively) and the most consumed cereals by human. Cereal grains and their coproducts are rich in phenolic compounds (PC), which display a wide spectrum of bioactivities but have a moderate to low solubility in hydrophobic media that restricts their application in oil-based products. Improving the amphiphilic character of cereals PC by functionalization (esterification) can be a strategy to enhance their functions and activity in products containing oils. Before such functionalization, PC must be efficiently extracted and the choice of the solvent of extraction is crucial. Among the green solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DES) appear as extremely effective to extract PC due to their solubilization capacity and their compatibility with enzymatic reactions. The chemical complexity of the obtained extracts can be resolved by metabolomics approaches that allow a broad and reliable identification of compounds with different physical-chemical properties. In this context, this study aims at characterizing the PC in different genotypes of wheat, rice and their coproducts (brans) by metabolomics approaches. CP will be extracted with different extraction solvents including conventional (hydro-alcoholic) and DES solvents. We also plan to study the phenolic profile along the wheat grain development. Our study should contribute to the selection of high quality cultivars, with a great content and diversity of bioactive compounds. This study wil also help determining the potential of DES as a medium for PC extraction from cereal coproducts and as a media for in situ functionalization of the PC extracts.