Résumé
“Faidherbia-Flux” , a new long-term highly-instrumented observatory of the critical zone of Sahelian western Africa has been launched early 2018 through international cooperation. We aim at fostering agro-silvo-pastoralism and sustainable intensification research. Namely, ecosystem services, GHG (CO2, H2O, N2O, CH4) fluxes and balances, annual crop (millet, groundnut, cowpea, water melon…) production, the role of livestock, and the effects of management options are targeted. The initiative is hosted at the Niakhar Health-Population-Environment Observatory (> 50 yrs. of past research). We chose a Faidherbia albida tree parkland owing to the attractiveness of this species that is maintained by the people, exhibits reverse phenology, N2 fixation, phreatophytic behavior (hydraulic redistributions?), forage for animals during the dry season, and positive effect on crops, microclimate and infiltration. We assume Faidherbia is a lever for ecological intensification, compatible with other levers, such as mixed crops, livestock, or precision agriculture). To date, “Faidherbia-Flux”1 offers: • Eddy-covariance (EC) measurements (30 m tall tower) since February 2018 for CO2, H2O and energy over the whole ecosystem, with ancillary measurements (soil temperature profile and humidity) (UMR Eco&Sols, LMI IESOL). Drone cover (UMR AGAP, UMR SELMET). • 2 towers (4 m) over millet (UMR Eco&Sols, LMI IESOL) and groundnut+cowpea (GET AMMA-CATCH), recording the 2018 wet season • One field trial in 8 blocks to assess and model the effect of cowpea on millet (ISRA+ UC Davis) • 8 stations for hydrology (infiltration, aquifers, salinization, N transfer) and hydraulic redistributions (sapflow) experiments under construction (UMR Eco&Sols, UMI RESILIENCES) • Minirhizotrons and automatic root scanners under construction (UMR Eco&Sols, LMI IESOL) • Soil gas exchange (CO2, N2O, CH4) experiments under construction Our philosophy is to mutualize efforts into one complex but representative ecosystem and for the long term. Collaborations for science & development are highly welcome. Any scientist, student, institution, NGO… can apply. Complementarity and facilitation will be fostered, overlaps will be minimized. Expected outcomes include high-level trans-disciplinary research, common projects, training, networking, international visibility…