Résumé
As a pioneer case of Payment for environmental services (PES), the PES program of Costa Rica has been largely analysed regarding efficiency and equity. However, distinctions between regions and types of land users have not been thoroughly analysed. Based on the results of a survey of 190 beneficiaries of PES program in two regions of the countries (respectively the Huertar norte region in the North and the Osa peninsula in the South), we capture the motivations of land users to join the PES program. Quantitative and qualitative analysis reveal that beyond the limits due to constraint of legal access to PES programs, the motivation to join PES differs according to characteristics, strategy and perceptions of land users. We draw a typology of PES beneficiaries that differs regarding their motivations and use of PES. We shows motivations and use of PES also differ according to regional factors (historical and cultural factors as well as development options) and to types of PES (conservation, reforestation, agro-forestry system). We finally argue that current conclusions regarding efficiency of Costa Rican PES Program should be considered according to regions, and genuine multiobjectives of the PES program. (Résumé d'auteur)