Résumé
In Morocco, the Haouz region has been the subject of important archaeological, bioarchaeological and ethnological research for more than a decade, in particular the area of Aghmat, a town of medieval origin located at the foot of the High Atlas, at the mouth of the Ourika valley. Founded around the 10th century, the city had a turbulent history, going from a dynamic economic center, ephemeral capital of the Almoravid kingdom, to a rural locality reoccupied by Sufi populations who devoted themselves to agricultural and ceramic production.Although the rapid evolution of the socio-economic (change in the status of the town, migratory waves, ruralization) and climatic (medieval optimums and pejorations) context suggest transformations in the relationship of the inhabitants to their agrosystems and to the surrounding landscapes, the latter had, until very recently, been little explored. Since 2016, the development of an interdisciplinary research project (carpological, anthracological, isotopic approach), allowed addressing the local agricultural history. Several themes are investigated: agropastoral practices (agriculture, fruit growing, fodder), domestic and artisanal practices (treatment and processing of produce, fuel economy), management and nature of the land (landscapes exploited, forest management). This paper brings together the first carpological, anthracological and isotopic results obtained from the archaeological site of Aghmat. They shed light on various aspects of the exploited plant diversity, in particular a shift of practices during the late Middle Ages, with a specialization turned towards olive growing, potentially as early as the 14th century, and a significant deforestation following this olive growing boom, which could have led to an extension of the fuel supply zone as far as the foothills of the Atlas.