Résumé
The DEMETER project, started in March 2020, aims to trace the evolution of crops and livestock breeds under different agricultural and environmental regimes and in different socioeconomic contexts, since the beginning of agriculture. More specifically, the questions raised in the framework of DEMETER are: how has agrobiodiversity evolved through time and space? What factors (e.g. socio-economical, environmental) have influenced its evolution? According to what modalities? DEMETER aims to study a selection of animal and plant models: pig, sheep, goat and barley, in a restricted geographical area corresponding to the NorthWestern part of the western Mediterranean basin (Catalonia and southern France) from the Neolithic period to the present day. DEMETER relies on a new and original combination of approaches, including phenomenics (through geometric morphometrics), database, archaeozoology, archaeobotany, climatic reconstructions, palaeoproteins (ZooMs) and statistical analyses, which will be used to jointly analyse a large number of archaeological remains (e.g. mammalian teeth and barley grains). For this presentation, the first results obtained will be presented.