Résumé
Since the middle of the 20th century, Cambodia has developed its public health infras- tructure and adopted a series of measures to improve healthcare accessibility to Cambodian citizens. The current National Social Security Fund, implemented in 2008, strives to provide effective access to healthcare for all Cambodian employees. In 2023, a feasibility study was launched to plan the extension of social protection to self-employed people (”Strengthening Adaptive Social Insurance” – SASI Project). The efficiency of a healthcare system can be evaluated through various key parameters including the accessibility of services, which refers to the spatial location of services, considering road network quality, slopes, and landscapes. Assessing spatial accessibility is a key to evaluate the effectiveness of the healthcare system. In this study, public healthcare facilities only are considered, due to a lack of available data concerning private healthcare offers. In Cambodia, 1493 facilities are distributed across the whole country. To provide a better analysis of the healthcare accessibility, all these facilities are classified, and the analysis applied for all of them vary depending on their specificities. Three main methods are used to compute accessibility. Firstly, a sectorization, to highlight the catchment area (i.e. influence zone of each point, according to the location of the nearest neighbor around this point) of each dot distribution was produced. Secondly, a modelling of travel time from any location in the country to the nearest facility, using the shortest path technique was computed. The innovative point of this study is the use of the software AccessMod (https://www.accessmod.org), developed by the World Health Organization, to produce these travel time analyses. Thirdly, an intersection between these spatial models and the population data by district was used to quantify access to healthcare and shed light on the percentage of population covered by these travel time calculus. Finally, these results (i.e. maps), produced on a very fine scale (10 meters), will provide very detailed knowledge of access to healthcare in Cambodia to guide social protection needs, but also to better interpret the representativeness of the health data emanating from these structures.