Abstract
This opinion paper is based on the evidence collected during the “INOWASIA” Erasmus+ project on Development of innovative multilevel formation programs for the new water leading professionals in SouthEast Asia (2020-2023). Urbanization and improvement in the standard living of populations necessarily lead to an increase in water consumption in cities, and therefore a reduction in the daily availability of water per inhabitant. This trend, accentuated by climate change, is global. It concerns all countries in the world, whatever their economic development, from the richest to the poorest. To address this crucial problem, the local wastewater treatment allowing reuse of these treated wastewaters is a promising option. To address this issue, better than wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) which require an expensive water collection network and often expensive polluting chemicals and high energy, technologies using nature-based solutions (NBS) appear virtuous. For example, constructed wetlands planted with macrophytes mimic the hydrobiogeochemical functioning of river banks. Among other things, they allow local management of the reuse of wastewater and an increase in biodiversity. But our experience seems to indicate their implementation within the city requires strong involvement from the world of architecture, which could be based on the living-lab concept. This is a promising avenue of research explored within the framework of the BioROC project (from the Défi Clé “Water Occitanie”, WOc).