Résumé
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a contagious viral disease of goats, sheep and wildlife in sub-Saharan African countries, Middle East and South-West of Asia. It is caused by a single strand negative RNA virus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and Morbillivirus genus. Current vaccines consist of viral strains attenuated by several passages on cell cultures. These vaccines protect animals against PPR but do not permit the distinction between vaccinated and infected animals, a possibility which could improve surveillance and eradication of the disease. Development of reverse genetic to manipulate negative strand RNA genome is helping us to generate an infectious clone of PPR after cloning the whole genome of the PPR vaccine strain. Then, the objective is to mark this genome with a negative tag by changing B epitopes on the N gene and a positive mark by insertion of a tag between P and M genes. A double marked vaccine of PPR is necessary for the discrimination of vaccinated, infected or vaccinated and concomitantly infected animals. Development of appropriate companion diagnosis tests are also in progress.