Résumé
Two hundred and twenty newly developed microsatellites were produced from a genomic library enriched in SSR and integrated into an existing high density molecular linkage cocoa map. Microsatellites or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been widely used in many crop species due to their abundance, high degree of polymorphism, locus specificity, reproductibility, low amount of DNA required and codominance heredity. The microsatellites were mapped on 135 individuals from the same mapping population used to establish the reference map. This progeny resulted from a cross between two heterozygous cocoa clones: an Upper amazon Forastero (UPA 402) and a Trinitario (UF 676). The new microsatellite markers were assigned to the ten different linkage groups that correspond to the ten gametic chromosomes of cocoa. Mapping of the new markers as well as previously reported microsatellites provided genome-wide coverage of the 10 chromosomes, with an average distance of 1 SSR per 3 cM. Only codominant marker were conserved to establish the new cocoa reference map. This new map includes 176 RFLP, 270 microsatellites markers and 5 isoenzymes. It will be a useful tool to identify and compare between several progenies the most important regions involved in the variation of the traits of interest and to develop Marker Assisted Selection program. (Texte intégral)